In particular, MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissue had a therapeutic effect in an experimental cigarette smoke-induced and elastase-induced emphysema models. The usefulness of MSCs, whose benefits are also linked to their low immunogenicity, has been proven in various models of pulmonary diseases. Despite conflicting results about the degree of engraftment of MSCs, it seems clear that these cells may be protective against tissue injury independently from their ability of engraftment. Thus, lung regeneration biology is an area of intense studies in the search for new strategies for combating human lung diseases.Ī significant body of evidence has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), harvested from adult organs such as bone marrow and adipose tissue and administered in the damaged tissue, may induce organ repair mainly through paracrine effects. Given the irreversibility of this disease and the significant number of deaths and the short-lasting benefits of current therapies, the understanding of mechanisms underlying lung tissue homeostasis is critical for developing new therapies aiming at replenishing diseased alveoli. The chronic inhalation of irritants attracts inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators into the lungs, where they impair protease-antiprotease balance thus leading to the destruction of alveolar units. In particular, pulmonary emphysema is defined as a progressive disease related to cigarette smoking and other respiratory insults, resulting in permanent enlargement and loss of alveoli and bronchioles. These disorders are characterized by airflow limitations, airway inflammation, and hyperresponsiveness and can be correlated with other pathologies as well.
IntroductionĬhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary emphysema, together with asthma, are highly prevalent lung diseases worldwide.
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Our study shed light on supportive properties of lung-derived MSCs, although the full identification of mechanisms orchestrated by MSCs and responsible for epithelial repair after injury is a critical aspect yet to be achieved. The data indicate the mediation of hepatocyte growth factor in amplifying MSC-driven tissue response after injury. In the absence of evidence that MSCs acquired epithelial phenotype, we detected an increased proliferative activity of aquaporin 5- and surfactant protein C-positive lung cells, suggesting MSC-driven paracrine mechanisms. Contrarily, MSC administration partially restored lung elasticity and alveolar architecture. Pulmonary function (static lung compliance) showed an increased stiffness induced by elastase, while morphometric findings (mean linear intercept and tissue/alveolar area) confirmed the severity of alveolar disruption. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the effects of the intratracheal administration of lung-derived mouse MSCs in a model of elastase-induced emphysema. Evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to engraft the injured tissues and induce repair via a paracrine effect. Although with extensive research, the pathophysiology of emphysema is poorly understood and effective treatments are still missing. Pulmonary emphysema is a respiratory condition characterized by alveolar destruction that leads to airflow limitation and reduced lung function.
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